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Simulacros – Futuro

Pablo Capanna

En 1989, cuando caía el Muro de Berlín y la URSS comenzaba a sentir los temblores de la cercana implosión, fue derrocado Ceaucescu. El líder rumano, hasta poco tiempo antes, había sido bien visto por las potencias occidentales y hasta ostentaba una condecoración argentina, otorgada por Perón.

Una sublevación popular en la ciudad de Timisoara fue duramente reprimida por el gobierno, y la indignación que provocaron las imágenes de la televisión aceleró la caída del régimen. Ceaucescu huyó, pero fue capturado y ejecutado, después de un juicio sumarísimo.

La masacre de Timisoara había volcado a la opinión pública a favor de la insurrección, especialmente cuando los rebeldes mostraron las fotos de una fosa común con más de treinta víctimas de la represión.

Con el tiempo se pudo comprobar que la historia de la fosa común había sido fraguada, usando cadáveres que procedían de la morgue forense. Nunca se supo quién había armado la sesión fotográfica, pero cabe sospechar que sería alguien con experiencia en los servicios de desinformación que acababa de pasarse de bando.

Fueron los soviéticos quienes inventaron el término dezinformatsia para endilgárselo a la prensa europea, aunque ellos fueron maestros a la hora de reescribir las noticias y “corregir” la historia reciente. Orwell se inspiró en sus prácticas a la hora de escribir 1984, cuando empleó a Weston en las tareas del revisionismo histórico permanente.

Lavrenti Beria, que bajo Stalin había gozado del mayor poder al frente de la policía secreta, fue sometido a juicio y condenado en 1953. Cuando esto se dio a conocer, el público ignoraba que ya hacía seis meses que Beria había sido ejecutado en secreto.

Beria había sucedido a Yezhov, quien estuvo al frente de la NKVD hasta 1938. Cuando Yezhov cayó en desgracia y fue ejecutado, se procedió a borrarlo de las fotos anteriores, en las cuales solía aparecer junto a Stalin.

Del mismo modo, cuando León Trotsky abandonó la URSS, su nombre desapareció de la historia oficial y su imagen fue eliminada de todas las fotos oficiales que registraban su presencia. Esta práctica también se dio en China cuando murió Mao Zedong, en 1976. Los miembros de la “banda de los cuatro”, que aún podían ser vistos en las fotos del funeral, unos días más tarde ya habían sido borrados, cuando aparecieron las revistas que daban la versión oficial de los hechos.

LA IMAGEN NO MIENTE

Se diría que el fraude fotográfico es tan antiguo como la fotografía. Durante la guerra de Crimea, un cronista añadió balas de cañón a una imagen del valle donde había sido diezmada la Brigada Ligera, para darle más dramatismo. En la misma época, un impostor le vendió a Conan Doyle fotos trucadas de dos niñas que compartían un picnic con hadas y gnomos.

Las dos fotos más famosas de la Segunda Guerra Mundial fueron posadas y retocadas. Aquella que muestra a unos soldados yanquis izando la bandera en Iwo Jima reemplazó a la original porque a alguien se le ocurrió que la bandera de verdad era demasiado chica. La foto rusa de la bandera roja ondeando en Berlín también fue corregida cuando los censores se dieron cuenta de que uno de los soldados tenía dos relojes pulsera, lo cual lo hacía sospechoso de haber estado saqueando.

La foto más famosa de todas, la que le sacó Robert Capa al miliciano de la Guerra Civil Española que cae bajo las balas franquistas, fue una de las más cuestionadas, pero acabó resistiendo a todas las sospechas y hoy es considerada auténtica.

Como tantas otras cosas, se les atribuye a los chinos la fórmula “la imagen no miente”. Aunque esto ni siquiera era válido para la pintura, que como cualquier forma de arte no deja de “mentir”. Pero fue la fotografía la que acabó con ese principio, aunque en realidad no es la cámara la que miente sino el fotógrafo o, mejor aún, el editor. A esta altura de las cosas no sólo cuenta con los recursos artesanales del falsario sino con el software de edición. No sólo se editan las imágenes sino también las palabras, que es posible volver a barajar para sacarlas de contexto y hacerles decir lo que el desinformador desea.

Mientras el truco fotográfico sea evidente y se lo use con fines humorísticos, es un recurso legítimo. Pero cuando se especula con el descuido del lector, que al hojear el diario no se detiene siquiera a analizar las noticias, y menos aún las imágenes, ya existe la intención de engañar.

Cualquiera se habrá cruzado con algunas fotos evidentemente trucadas que, sin embargo, no suelen provocar la reacción de los lectores, quizá resignados. A menudo, mediante recursos de edición digital, se multiplican dos o tres personas hasta hacer una multitud, como si fuera la película Gladiador, o se desdobla una imagen hasta hacerla simétrica, quizá por mero capricho estético.

Brian Springer, un aficionado norteamericano, produjo un curioso documental con motivo de la campaña electoral que enfrentó a Clinton con George Bush. Springer se pasó un año grabando las señales sin editar que subían de los estudios al satélite, que luego salían al aire una vez expurgadas y embellecidas, tal como aparecen en los noticieros.

El resultado fue la película Spin (1995), donde puede verse una colección de bloopers: maquillaje, comentarios cínicos fuera de cámara, la presencia de los asesores que enseñan cómo eludir las preguntas del público. Aparecen un par de desmayos presidenciales que fueron censurados, y se ve a Larry King recomendando medicamentos a los candidatos y a Barbara Bush actuando la misma escena para varios canales.

Lo más curioso es la desaparición, casi al estilo soviético, de Larry Agran, uno de los cuatro candidatos demócratas que perdió la interna con Clinton y abandonó la carrera presidencial. Entre otras audacias, prometía reducir el presupuesto militar, lo cual hizo que lo borraran de algunas fotos y lo silenciaran en los programas de TV. En la grabación de uno de ellos se lo oye protestar a los gritos mientras habla uno de sus rivales, poco antes de ser echado por la seguridad.

MAQUILLANDO LA NOTICIA

Es casi superfluo recordar la importancia del énfasis que se pone en las “buenas” y “malas” noticias, según se trate de distraer o de enardecer a la audiencia. Junto a los noticieros que destilan sangre, están aquellos que derraman ternura, esos que omiten ciertas noticias y aquellos que las inflan. No es raro que una catástrofe, debidamente explotada, sirva para relegar noticias indeseables a las últimas páginas, neutralizando su impacto. El 11 de septiembre de 2001, el jefe de prensa del gobierno británico escribió, en un e-mail privado: “Hoy es un gran día para enterrar cualquier mala noticia que tengamos para dar”. Tuvo que salir a pedir disculpas, pero no había hecho otra cosa que sincerar una práctica habitual.

El recurso más fácil para darle color a la noticia es el lenguaje. No es lo mismo decir que “estalló una revolución” o que “hubo un golpe”, hablar de “gobierno de salvación nacional” o “dictadura”, de “militantes” o “subversivos”.

La imagen que tenemos de la realidad es el producto de un consenso social. En una sociedad con distintos canales de información hay fuentes dominantes, pero pueden ser cotejadas con otras y con la experiencia personal. Pero, aun cuando exista un monopolio mediático, la información y el disenso circulan por otros canales, como muestra la reciente experiencia de Egipto, Libia o Siria.

La paradoja está en que, si bien nunca fue tan fácil el acceso a la información (por lo menos la de interés académico), los disparates que se dicen y escriben son tantos que constituyen un nuevo género. ¿Por qué razón, cuando basta un clic para corroborar una fecha o un nombre (para escribir este artículo debo haberlo hecho unas quince veces), más de uno se escuda en el escepticismo para justificar la pereza?

Hoy, cuando los que leen el diario ya son tildados de “intelectuales”, todos se sienten “conectados”, lo cual no significa “informados”. En los mensajes que circulan por las redes sociales abunda la opinión o el mero discurso ceremonial: “Llamaba para decirte que te dejé un mensaje para que me llamaras. Por cualquier cosa, llamame”. Opiniones tan fundadas como “me gustó” o “no lo soporto” parecen revivir aquellas categorías con que ironizaba Sabato hace ya varias generaciones: todo lo que no es “un opio” es “una monada”.

La navegación por la red de redes es casi tan azarosa como la de los mares, aunque no lo parezca. Si las viejas enciclopedias daban como garantía la autoridad de los profesores que las habían redactado, en la red se suelen encontrar múltiples versiones de lo mismo, copiadas, recortadas y pegadas como un palimpsesto. Nadie se hace responsable, como por lo menos lo hacía el editor en las viejas enciclopedias.

La lógica del hipertexto hace que un rumor que circula por alguna red parezca más válido cuanto más se repite, y hasta puede ocurrir que vuelva a su origen. La repetición reemplaza a la evidencia, que siempre es difícil de obtener, de modo que la saturación de fuentes provoca la misma pasividad que la fuente única de antaño.

SIMULANDO

Los teóricos posmodernistas franceses han insistido mucho en el tema de los simulacros, que ya habían explorado escritores como Philip K. Dick y J.G. Ballard.

Deleuze y Baudrillard, tras las huellas de Walter Benjamin, trazaron una suerte de historia del simulacro. Antes de que apareciera la fotografía, el arte imitaba a la naturaleza; se decía que Giotto había pintado una manzana tan realista que su maestro Cimabue había querido comérsela. Luego vino la era industrial y las técnicas de reproducción de la imagen, que comenzaron a borrar las fronteras entre el original y la copia. Hoy, en un mundo donde hay copias de todo, desde los falsos remedios hasta los políticos truchos, cuesta distinguir entre el Rolex verdadero o el de La Salada, entre el software legal y el pirateado.

La conclusión a que llegaban los teóricos franceses no era mucho más profunda que la que solía sacar Minguito, cuando remataba una frase con el famoso “se’ gual”. Hoy da lo mismo Don Bosco o la Mignon, Carnera o San Martín, la sinceridad o la hipocresía, la imagen y la personalidad, porque cuesta cada vez más reconocer a los simuladores. Claro que llevando el escepticismo al extremo se concluye que todos están autorizados a mentir y que no se le puede creer a nadie, lo cual haría decididamente imposible la vida en sociedad.

Una muestra la da el mismísimo Baudrillard, que como sus congéneres solía usar los conceptos científicos de manera sumamente poética. Es muy difícil saber a qué se refería cuando hablaba de cosas como la curvatura del espacio o el comportamiento cuántico. Una verdadera perla podemos encontrarla precisamente en su ensayo sobre los simulacros, que es de lectura obligatoria en casi todas partes. Baudrillard asegura que “de la división de una banda de Moebius resulta una espiral suplementaria en la que no queda resuelta la reversibilidad de las caras”.

Lo cierto es que le faltó aclarar que se trata de cortar la cinta a lo largo, porque si la cortamos por el ancho pierde sus propiedades. Pero si la cortamos a lo largo, obtendremos una sola cinta con dos vueltas o dos cintas diferentes enlazadas entre sí, según sean del mismo o distinto ancho, pero nunca “una espiral suplementaria”. Munido de plasticola y tijeras, usted mismo puede hacerlo. Si aún sigue dudando, no vacile en consultar a su topólogo de confianza.

Parecería que, en un mundo de simulacros, también abundan los sabios simulados, que simulan el saber aprovechándose de la desinformación de sus lectores.

 

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Matt Groening Reveals the Location of the Real Springfield – Smithsonian Magazine

UPDATE: According to Entertainment Weekly, «The Simpsons» will make a reference to Springfield’s origins in the opening credits of this Sunday’s episode. Stay tuned.

Claudia De La Roca: So take us back to the Simpsons’ foundational moment. In 1987 you were waiting for a meeting with James Brooks and you started sketching. What were you thinking?

Matt Groening: I had been drawing my weekly comic strip, “Life in Hell,” for about five years when I got a call from Jim Brooks, who was developing “The Tracey Ullman Show” for the brand-new Fox network. He wanted me to come in and pitch an idea for doing little cartoons on that show. I soon realized that whatever I pitched would not be owned by me, but would be owned by Fox, so I decided to keep my rabbits in “Life in Hell” and come up with something new.

While I was waiting—I believe they kept me waiting for over an hour—I very quickly drew the Simpsons family. I basically drew my own family. My father’s name is Homer. My mother’s name is Margaret. I have a sister Lisa and another sister Maggie, so I drew all of them. I was going to name the main character Matt, but I didn’t think it would go over well in a pitch meeting, so I changed the name to Bart.

Bart. Why?
Back in high school I wrote a novel about a character named Bart Simpson. I thought it was a very unusual name for a kid at the time. I had this idea of an angry father yelling “Bart,” and Bart sounds kind of like bark—like a barking dog. I thought it would sound funny. In my novel, Bart was the son of Homer Simpson. I took that name from a minor character in the novel The Day of the Locust, by Nathanael West. Since Homer was my father’s name, and I thought Simpson was a funny name in that it had the word “simp” in it, which is short for “simpleton”—I just went with it.

Did your father contribute anything besides his first name?
My father was a really sharp cartoonist and filmmaker. He used to tape-record the family surreptitiously, either while we were driving around or at dinner, and in 1963 he and I made up a story about a brother and a sister, Lisa and Matt, having an adventure out in the woods with animals. I told it to my sister Lisa, and she in turn told it to my sister Maggie. My father recorded the telling of the story by Lisa to Maggie, and then he used it as the soundtrack to a movie. So the idea of dramatizing the family—Lisa, Maggie, Matt—I think was the inspiration for doing something kind of autobiographical with “The Simpsons.” There is an aspect of the psychodynamics of my family in which it makes sense that one of us grew up and made a cartoon out of the family and had it shown all over the world.

Any other commonalities between your father and Homer Simpson?
Only the love of ice cream. My dad didn’t even like doughnuts that much.

The name Homer has been wall-to-wall around you—your father, your son, Homer Simpson. What does the name mean to you?
My father was named after the poet Homer. My grandmother, his mother, was a voracious reader. She named one son Homer and another son Victor Hugo. It is this basic name, but I can’t separate the name Homer from The Iliad and The Odyssey and from Odysseus, even though Homer is the teller of the tale. I think of it as a very heroic name in that Homer, even though he is getting kicked in the butt by life, he is his own small hero.

OK, why do the Simpsons live in a town called Springfield? Isn’t that a little generic?
Springfield was named after Springfield, Oregon. The only reason is that when I was a kid, the TV show “Father Knows Best” took place in the town of Springfield, and I was thrilled because I imagined that it was the town next to Portland, my hometown. When I grew up, I realized it was just a fictitious name. I also figured out that Springfield was one of the most common names for a city in the U.S. In anticipation of the success of the show, I thought, “This will be cool; everyone will think it’s their Springfield.” And they do.

You’ve never said it was named after Springfield, Oregon, before, have you?
I don’t want to ruin it for people, you know? Whenever people say it’s Springfield, Ohio, or Springfield, Massachusetts, or Springfield, wherever, I always go, “Yup, that’s right.”

You’re on record as loving your hometown. Is it all love or is there a little love-hate?
I loved growing up in Portland, but I also took it for granted. Now, I look back and realize how idyllic a place it was. My family lived on a long, windy road on a little dead-end street called Evergreen Terrace—also the name of the street the Simpsons live on—and in order to visit any friends I had to walk at least a mile through the woods to get to their house.

But when I say idyllic, I mean the external circumstances of my childhood were pretty pleasant. That does not take into account that I was bored out of mind from the first day of first grade. Also, I was bullied. If you use certain words that can only be gotten by reading a book or two, that somehow enrages a certain kind of lug. When I was in fourth grade, these older kids surrounded me one day, and they told me they were going to beat me up after school. Knowing I was going to get beat up, I smashed one kid in the face as hard as I could, and then I got beaten up. The next day, all the kids were brought in to the school office, and they all had to apologize to me, and I just hated their guts.

Would you like to call them out by name now?
No. But maybe they are characters named after themselves on “The Simpsons.”

What did “home” mean to you growing up?
Home growing up meant certain rituals that seem to be lost these days, which is about a family being in the same place at the same time. At dinner we all sat down for dinner together. Unless I committed some type of infraction, and then I had to eat at the top of the basement stairs.

What do you think of Portland then and Portland now?
One thing that hasn’t changed is that people in Portland are in complete denial about how much it rains there.

Do you plan on moving back someday?
Yes. The only reason to live in Los Angeles, where I’ve been since the late ’70s, is if you have something to do with the entertainment industry. Everything you can experience in Los Angeles, you can have a much better version of in Portland—including, very basically, the air you breathe.

Does your mom still live in your childhood home? If not, when was the last time you visited it?
I visited my childhood home about two years ago. I was snapping a picture of it, and the owner came out and invited me in. It was pretty much as I remember it, except what was incredibly spacious to a little toddler now seemed so much smaller. The guy let me go down to my favorite place of terror, which was the basement. My father had a place where he developed film called “the dark room,” but to me that was all it was—the dark room. It was the scariest place in the house, and it gave me a lot of nightmares. I had to go back down and look at the dark room, and I realized that it was just a dusty—dark—cobwebbed little room in the corner of the basement.

What did your father do before he became a filmmaker?
He grew up on a Mennonite farm in Kansas, speaking only German until he went to school. My father then ended up as a bomber pilot flying a B-17 during World War II. After the war, he was a surfer, filmmaker and ardent amateur basketball player. He perfected a basketball shot that he could shoot—without looking—over his head and consistently make from the top of the key. He made that shot for 30 years.

What did he think of “The Simpsons”?
My father was very worried that I was going to starve in Hollywood. He didn’t like Hollywood and thought nothing good came out of a committee. He loved the show. He was really pleased with it. The only thing he said was that Homer could never, ever be mean to Marge. He said that was a rule, which corresponds with the way he treated my mother. He was very nice to her. I thought that was a good note. I don’t know if that is a rule that has ever been articulated to people who work on the show, but everyone just gets it.

Early on your focus shifted from Bart to Homer. When and why? Did it have anything to do with your own aging?
When the first 50 short cartoons were on “The Tracey Ullman Show,” the focus was on the relationship between Bart and Homer. The way I wrote them were Homer being angry and Bart being clueless little jerk, just driven in some weird way to cause trouble. I knew from the moment we decided to turn the shorts into a TV show that Homer was going to be the star. There are more consequences to him being an idiot.

Was anything affected by the writers’ aging?
The writers on the show have been there for years. It’s an addictive place to work, because if you’re interested in writing comedy, writing for “The Simpsons,” which has no notes from the network, and doesn’t have the constraints of a live action show—it’s just a great playground for comedy writers. Whatever they want to write about, the animators can draw it.

Has your son Homer ever created something with you as a character?
Will—he’s Homer only in legal documents—and his brother, Abe, have not done anything to me yet. That’s a ticking time bomb.

Would you be open to that?
Of course, turnabout is fair play. That would be great.

It has been famously said that you can’t go home again, but is “The Simpsons” a way for you to go home again, over and over?
I very early on named a lot of characters after streets in Portland. I thought it would be amusing for people in Portland to be driving past the alphabetically laid-out streets. There’s Flanders, Kearney, Lovejoy, mostly in Northwest Portland. My goal was to name every character after streets in Portland, but we were in a hurry so I dropped that idea.

In another way, is the show a way for you to never leave home?
There is that element for me, that means nothing to anyone else, but the fact that the characters are named after my own family, and Evergreen Terrace, and things like that—that’s just a treat for my family and me.

What kind of home have you created on “The Simpsons”?
As a cartoonist I feel like I’m the jester working with a lot of really smart writers and really talented animators. I think I make it safe for everyone else to be goofy because I’m willing to pitch the dumbest ideas.

So you make everyone else feel comfortable?
I think I make people feel comfortable because I’m willing to be a fool.

So does that make you the number-one fool?
(Laughs) No, I wouldn’t say that. There are plenty of fools. I just admit it.

How typical is the Simpsons’ home of an American home? How has it changed?
I think what’s different is that Marge doesn’t work. She’s a stay-at-home mother and housewife, and for the most parts these days both parents work. So I think that’s a little bit of a throwback. Very early on we had the Simpsons always struggling for money, and as the show has gone on over the years we’ve tried to come up with more surprising and inventive plots. We’ve pretty much lost that struggling for money that we started with just in order to do whatever crazy high jinks we could think of. I kind of miss that.

You’ve spoken of the “the contradictions not acknowledged” in the sitcoms you watched as a kid. What were those contradictions between TV life and life under your roof?
In TV in the ’50s and ’60s everyone seemed very repressed. Children were unnaturally polite. My favorite character was Eddie Haskell in “Leave It to Beaver. He was so polite but blatantly false in his pretending to be nice to adults—that appealed to me. In the ’70s, and from then on, sitcom banter got so mean and sour that I was baffled. I always thought that half the time someone would say something in a sitcom, and it seemed like the spouse’s response should be, “I want a divorce.” That was the logical reply.

But no one got a divorce back then.
I’m just saying I didn’t like the bland dialogue of most of the ’50s and ’60s, and I also didn’t like the sour arguing that passed for comedy in the ’70s and ’80s. So “The Simpsons” is sort of somewhere in between.

Beyond the topography of Portland and the names of your family members, did you borrow the sensibility of your hometown or your coming-of-age years for The Simpsons?
People in Portland, and generally in the Northwest, think of themselves as independent. Oregon has no sales tax, no major military installations. Portland has turned into an incredibly friendly community with great food, great architecture, great city planning and a lot of beauty. The biggest park in the United States within the city limits is in Portland.

Have you seen “Portlandia”? What do you think of it?
If you would have told me back when I was growing up that there would be a hip comedy show based on hipster life in Portland Oregon, I wouldn’t have believed it. I think it’s a very funny show. It’s very sweet.

How often do you go back to Portland?
I go back to Portland a few times a year. My first stop is always Powell’s Books. It’s the biggest bookstore that I know of. And then I visit my family.

 

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Diálogo imaginario en la producción de Showmatch 2012

Ideas del Sur. Cuarto piso. Oficina de Marcelo Tinelli. Sentados, en silencio, esperan el Chato Prada y Hoppe. Llega Tinelli hablando con un tono meloso por su celular. Quince minutos después, corta.

Tinelli: ¿Cómo venimos?

Hoppe: ¡Bieen!

Tinelli: ¿Confirmó Baby?

Chato: No, dijo que te diga que de ninguna manera va a bailar con una delincuente.

Tinelli: Ofrecele más guita. ¿Aceptó algún ex-combatiente?

Hoppe: Apareció uno clase ‘63 que se salvó por pie plano, ¿califica?

Tinelli: ¿¡Pero vos sos pelotudo!? ¡Conseguime uno bien chapita! ¿Quiénes quedaron de las trolas?

Chato: Te traje el book para que elijas. Con resaltador, las que bailan bien bien. Y las otras son más quilomberas.

Hoppe: Volvió a llamar Fort…

Tinelli: Ya te dije que lo fletes.

Hoppe: Además de pagar, dice que acepta bailar con el fan de Wanda Nara.

Tinelli: Ah… interesante, decile que me llame.

Chato: Marce, estamos con problemas con los disca.

Tinelli: ¿Por?

Chato: el pibe de la silla de ruedas ya se cayó al piso tres veces.

Tinelli: ¿Pero se cayó mal?

Hoppe: No, tiene buena voluntad, se arrastra de nuevo a la silla y sigue bailando. ¡La lambada le sale bárbaro!

Tinelli: Eso garpa. ¿El sordo?

Chato: No entiende un carajo lo que le dice el coach. ¿Vos cómo vas con el lenguaje de señas?¿Estás practicando?

Tinelli: No, no me jodas, no tuve tiempo. Conseguime una intérprete y que traduzca. ¡O que baile con Araceli que en Nano hizo de muda!

Hoppe: No, Ara ya nos dijo ochenta veces que no. Con lo que gana en publicidad no necesita esto.

Chato: Y después está el temita de la chica con Síndrome de Down.

Tinelli: ¿La mongui? ¡No se olviden de conseguir la música de Corki para los momentos emotivos!

Chato: Sí, sí. El tema es que no baila muy bien. Tenemos que decidir qué va a hacer el jurado. ¿Te lo imaginás a Polino poniéndole un tres? ¡Nos comen crudos!

Tinelli: Que le pongan todos buenas notas. Si alguien se queja es un hijo de puta.

Hoppe: Se van a quejar los que bailan bien.

Tinelli: ¡Nah! quedan mal frente a la gente. Este año la mongui tiene que ganar.

Chato: ¿La vas a hacer bailar también en el caño y en el strip dance?

Tinelli: Obvio. ¡Me encanta esta onda de integrar a los marginados! Y si mide mal los rajamos rápido. ¡Total, con Santiago y Carmen en el jurado ya tenemos el año ganado!

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10 Commandments for Con Men – Lists of Note

«Count» Victor Lustig was a con man of considerable note. Born in 1890, by the 1930s he was wanted by approximately 45 law enforcement agencies worldwide. He had 25 known aliases and spoke 5 languages. He cunningly gained $5k from Al Capone. Better still, in 1925, Lustig posed as a government official in Paris, took five businessmen on a tour of the Eiffel Tower, and then «sold» it to one of them as 7300 tonnes of scrap metal; the con went so well, he tried it again soon after.

He also wrote the following list of commandments for aspiring con men.

(Source: Fakes, Frauds & Other Malarkey, via Marc Manus; Image: Victor Lustig in 1937, via.)

  1. Be a patient listener (it is this, not fast talking, that gets a con-man his coups).
  2. Never look bored.
  3. Wait for the other person to reveal any political opinions, then agree with them.
  4. Let the other person reveal religious views, then have the same ones.
  5. Hint at sex talk, but don’t follow it up unless the other fellow shows a strong interest.
  6. Never discuss illness, unless some special concern is shown.
  7. Never pry into a person’s personal circumstances (they’ll tell you all eventually).
  8. Never boast. Just let your importance be quietly obvious.
  9. Never be untidy.
  10. Never get drunk.

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La frase del lunes, por Harry S. Truman

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La película que se edita sola en cada proyección – alt1040

Existen muchos experimentos en materia de filmes cortos e independientes, algunos que dan lugar a cosas de lo más bizarras pero muchas son interesantes, al menos para comentarlas. Eve Sussman y la Rufus Corporation nos traen una película que se edita automáticamenite por computadoras para cada función

El título de la obra es whiteonwhite:algorithmicnoir, claramente no se trata de un trabajo para público masivo, sino para un selecto grupo de cinéfilos abiertos a propuestas alternativas. La edición de la película está a cargo de una pieza de software llamada serendipity machine la cual trabaja en vivo durante la proyección formulando una composición original.

Según los artistas detrás del trabajo hay una búsqueda por la consagración artistica de primer nivel, llevando a que los espectadores vivan una experiencia irrepetible. Por lo que cuentan, el material que el software dispone en su librería para utilizar en la composición consiste en 3000 clips cortos, 80 voces grabadas y 150 piezas musicales que fueron obtenidos durante el transcurso de los últimos dos años. Gracias a la combinación de estos elementos aseguran que nunca se repetirá una proyección, mientras la teoría no está de su lado en esta afirmación la práctica seguramente demostrará que nunca verás dos veces la misma película. En caso que el experimento se exitoso habrá que agradecer principalmente al cine digital por brindar estas facilidades.

A los más escépticos sobre este trabajo les podemos afirmar que no distará mucho de algunas obras conceptuales independientes o de algunas películas de primer nivel que buscan innovar en su edición pero terminan haciendo un collage indescifrable. Tengan en cuenta que el trailer puede no contener ninguna escena de la película cuando la vean.

 

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The Most Controversial Magazine Covers of All Time – Webdesigner Depot

We’ve put together a collection of magazine covers that have stirred up controversy through the years.

These covers can serve as object lessons for what to do and what not to do both with design and editorial.

While some controversial covers have worked and sold more magazines, or won awards for the editors who made the decision to go to press with them, others were embarrassments that the publication had to either apologize for, or fire an editor over.

Here are some of the most controversial magazine covers of all time. Feel free to suggest other covers that you think should be part of this collection.

Time Magazine, January 2, 1939: Hitler as Man of the Year

This cover featured an elaborate illustration of Hitler playing “his hymn of hate in a desecrated cathedral while victims dangle on a St. Catherine’s wheel while the Nazi hierarchy looks on.” Baron Rudolph Charles von Ripper was a Catholic that fled Hitler’s Germany, and the artist of this disturbing piece. By 1938, Hitler had firmly seized power in Germany, taken over Austria and Czechoslovakia, and had been given a free hand in Eastern Europe by the English prime minister of the time, Neville Chamberlain. Time has had to defend this choice throughout history, and at the time defended it by stating that the “Man of the Year” was a title bestowed on the person who had most influenced events of the previous year.


Time Magazine, April 8, 1966: Is God Dead?

This cover has been called the most controversial of all time. The related article concerned the “death of god movement” that had sprung up in the 1960′s. The cover and article enraged readers.


Life, November 26, 1965: War In Vietnam

Paul Schutzers captured this arresting image of a VietCong prisoner being taken prisoner by American forces during the Vietnam War. Photography and news coverage like this helped to turn the American public against the Vietnam war. While Schutzers was one of LIFE’s best photographers, he was killed on assignment during the Six-Day War of 1967 between Israel and its neighbouring states of Egypt, Jordan, and Syria.


Esquire, April 1968: The Passion of Ali

This smart rendition of Muhammad Ali was created to illustrate his martyrdom to his cause after he refused to join the US military due to his religious beliefs and was subsequently stripped of his heavyweight boxing title. The piece was done after the same manner as “The Martyrdom of St. Sebastian”, a popular theme through medieval art but most recognizable in the painting by Andrea Mantegna.


Esquire, May 1969: The Drowning of Andy Warhol

Another triumph of Esquire’s former visionary Art Director, George Lois, this picture combined two separate shots of a soup can and Warhol. In the first ten years of his employment at Esquire, circulation was boosted from 500,000 to 2 million, a figure for which his covers were partially responsible. This shot references Warhol’s famous “soup can” exhibits that symbolized the American avant-garde art movement.


Playboy, October 1971: First Playboy African-American Woman

This cover was the first Playboy cover to feature an African-American woman. The model is Darine Stern and the photographer was Richard Fegley.


National Lampoon, January 1973: If You Don’t Buy This Magazine…

While this cover didn’t do much more than make people laugh when it came out despite its violent overtones, Ronald G. Harris’ famous cover shot definitely raised a few eyebrows in pre-Photoshop days.


The New Yorker, March 29, 1976: Steinberg Map of New York

This portrayal of a New Yorker’s idea of what the rest of the United States looks like was drawn by Saul Steinberg. The artist sued Columbia Pictures over their movie poster for “Moscow on the Hudson”, which does seem to be derived from Steinberg’s cover down to the placement of the title. Steinberg won the case.


Rolling Stone, January 22, 1981: John Lennon and Yoko Ono

Annie Leibovitz took this shot just hours before John Lennon was shot outside of his apartment building, the Dakota, in New York City on December 8, 1980. Leibovitz originally wanted to take the shot of Lennon alone but he insisted that his wife be in the pictures. This cover was named the most popular magazine cover of the past 40 years by the American Society of Magazine Publishers.


Vanity Fair, August 1991: Demi Moore, Pregnant and Nude

This cover was shot by celebrity photographer Annie Leibovitz and was decried as shameful and disgusting when it was released. Some stores sent back the issue, or only sold it with a brown paper covering the “offensive” image. It has spawned countless celebrity nude pregnancy shots done in the same fashion, and helped to launch Demi Moore’s career into the stratosphere.


Vanity Fair, August 1993: K.D. Lang and Cindy Crawford

The cover was meant to be as controversial as the country star’s career. According to the cover story, Lang got more grief from the country music industry over her decision to join PETA than her decision to come out as a lesbian.


Time Magazine, June 27, 1994: OJ Mug Shot Controversy

In 1994, OJ Simpson was accused of murdering his wife, Nicole. In 1995, he was acquitted after a long and highly publicized trial. The photo used on the cover of Time Magazine was manipulated to make OJ look darker in skin tone and more menacing. For comparison, see the Newsweek cover which uses the original shot without any alteration.


The Economist, September 10, 1994: The Camel-Humping Issue

Obvious Black Eyed Peas references aside, this cover drew some fire for the UK-based magazine. The cover was printed for the North American market only.


Time, April 14 1997: Ellen’s Coming-Out Issue

Time’s cover and exclusive story left no doubt in the minds of all Americans that Ellen was, in fact, gay. Even in 1997, coming out could be perilous for a star’s career. While it may now seem like a mere bump in the road due to Ellen’s stunning success, at the time TV outlets in rural America pulled her show.


Wired, June 1997: 101 Ways to Save Apple

When this magazine went to press, Steve Jobs had just rejoined Apple through Apple’s acquisition of his NeXT Software Inc. While the cover was a bit more pessimistic than the story it was meant to illustrate, it remains one of the top magazine covers of all time. We don’t think anyone would try to give Jobs advice today, but back then Mac fans would have done anything they could to help the ailing corporation.


Time, Dec 21, 1998: Devil Horns on Clinton

This was one of several magazine covers that featured Bill Clinton during the Monica Lewinsky scandal. In 1995, Lewinsky was an intern at the White House during Clinton’s presidency, and they had an intimate affair. The scandal broke when Lewinsky confided in a colleague in January of 1998. The scandal eventually resulted in Clinton’s impeachment. The top of the letter “M” in the Time masthead appear to be resting on the top of Clinton’s head as horns. The devil horns were written off by Time as an accident of masthead placement rather than a deliberate act.


Esquire Magazine, December 2000: The Crotch Shot

This shot of Clinton was said to be inspired by the Lincoln Memorial, but was interpreted as an obvious reference to the Monica Lewinsky scandal. Like the Obama couple satire in the New Yorker seen further down, this cover drew fire from both sides of the political fence.


The New Yorker, Sept. 24, 2001: Twin Towers in Silhouette

This cover was a graphical as well as an editorial success. The magazine succeeded in creating a fitting and classic memorial to the victims of the tragedy and the buildings themselves in true upscale New Yorker fashion. Covers editor Franoise Mouly created a testament to the Twin Towers that drew on the inspiration of Ad Reinhardt’s black-on-black paintings.


Entertainment Weekly, May 2 2003: Dixie Chicks

The Dixie Chicks set off a firestorm when they criticized then-president George W. Bush for invading Iraq on the grounds that Iraq was manufacturing weapons of mass destruction. The Dixie Chicks used their weapons of mass distraction on this provocative cover.


Seventeen, May 2003: Sarah Michelle Gellar’s Zombie Arm

This horrendously manipulated stock photo of Sarah Michelle Gellar made the mag send an expensive purse by way of apology. Gellar returned the purse since she didn’t wear leather. While the practice of using stock photos for covers is common, flagrant abuse of Photoshop is something that the art department and editor usually catch before print time.


Rolling Stone, January 2006: The Passion of Kanye West

Rolling Stone tipped a thorny hat to Esquire’s portrayal of Ali with this 2006 cover. It isn’t known if the cover was meant to be a joke about the singer’s ego, but most people found it very funny. Religious fans of the magazine didn’t find it as hilarious, and the odd cover story that went with it in which the singer admits to a porn addiction just made the whole thing awkward. The tone of the cover feels current in light of the singer’s recent mike-grabbing moment at the 2009 VMA’s.


Baby Talk, August 2006

While this image seems benign to most people who have been involved with a baby in one fashion or another, the cover was decried as obscene. Even though moms made up the target demographic, a survey of 4000 of them turned up the fact that 25% had a negative response. One mother actually shredded the magazine so that her 13-year old son couldn’t see it. Not that he likely noticed; he was probably on the computer downloading porn watching tips from Kanye.


Texas Monthly, January 2007: Dick Cheney Cover Issue

Building on the famous 1973 Lampoon cover, Texas Monthly took a jab at the Vice-President’s hunting accident where he shot a colleague in the face. This cover won the 2007 Best Cover Line of the Year Award from the Magazine Publishers of America.


Time, August 29, 2007: Devil Horns on Billy Graham

The blogosphere was rife with rumours about this cover. This was probably not intentional. Time Magazine has claimed that all of its “Devil Horn” covers through the ages are mere coincidences. For a defense of the Time Magazine position, this blog post has a list of Time Magazine covers that have devil horns but no potential hidden meaning. Accident of their masthead design, or subtle editorial statement? You decide…


Golfweek, January 19, 2008: The Noose that Hung an Editor

This cover was born out of the comments of a golf anchorman, Kelly Tlighman, that fellow players should “lynch (Tiger Woods) in a back alley” and the subsequent feature story that was published in that edition of Golfweek. PGA Tour director Tim Finchem had this to say about it: “Clearly, what Kelly said was inappropriate and unfortunate, and she obviously regrets her choice of words, but we consider Golfweek’s imagery of a swinging noose on its cover to be outrageous and irresponsible”. A day after the cover was published, the editor was let go.


People Magazine, March 2008: Brangelina Twins

This cover and photo shoot sacrificed People’s editorial soul for a first shot at the Brangelina twins. Instead of their usual journalistic even-handed approach, they seemingly acquiesced to the couple’s need for nothing but positive coverage in order to get a scoop on the rest of the world with the first baby pictures. While People magazine denied these charges as “categorically false”, the coverage was nevertheless very rosy-cheeked in tone.


Vogue, April 2008: King Kong Cover

This cover of model Gisele Bundchen and sports star Lebron James was considered to be a racist portrayal of “King Kong”. Images that portray black males as threatening “reinforce the criminalization of black men,” said Damion Thomas, assistant professor in the Department of Kinesiology at University of Maryland. The cover was supposed to showcase two stars with excellent bodies, in keeping with the “Shape” theme of the issue.


The New Yorker, July 21, 2008: The Obama Couple Satire

This cover by famous New Yorker cartoonist Barry Blitt was heavily criticized by both the McCain and Obama camps during the 2008 US election. While the piece was meant to be a satire of allegations lobbed at the couple by their detractors, its inopportune appearance during a campaign didn’t have Obama’s supporters laughing as hard as the magazine intended.


OK Magazine, June 2009: Michael Jackson Death Photo

Fans were upset over the magazine’s decision to publish this photo. Sarah Ivens, editorial director, said that the cover decision was made since they wanted to stand out from all of the tribute covers that were dominating the stands that week. Jackson died on June 25, 2009 after being given a cocktail of drugs by his physician.



Compiled and written exclusively for WDD by Angela West.

Got a controversial magazine cover that rocked your world? Post a link below or send it to us and we’ll add it to this post.

 

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These 24 Books Have Actually Been Published

1.

By the skull on the cover of this book, I can tell it’s gonna be jam packed with some bad-assery.

2.

No more trips to the gyno, just a farm.

5.

I’m confused if this author was a huge fan of innuendos or if this is some sort of erotica fan fiction for people who love creepy mustaches.

6.

This is the most accurate book title ever made. Ever.

8.

Evil is a strong believer in reincarnation.

9.

Turn slightly to the left.

10.

Fun for kids of all ages!

12.

Yeah, tell this to my 14-year-old self. If it didn’t work in middle school, it doesn’t work now!

14.

For the everyday businesswoman.

16.

Poop humor is timeless.

18.

You know what makes a really great suspense thriller? FOOD PUNZ.

20.

Because I have a feeling you’re staying out WAY to late studying.

21.

If burying your pet wasn’t depressing enough…

22.

Send them to ghost jail for stalking!

23.

I didn’t know shitting in the woods was ever considered an art, but, alright, cool.

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Los límites del humor – ¡Caramba!

Desde que pusimos en marcha nuestro proyecto editorial hay una pregunta que no ha dejado de llegarnos al correo y a través de nuestras redes sociales: cuándo pensamos reeditar el primer número de ¡Caramba! La respuesta es siempre la misma: nuestros recursos son limitados, con lo que preferimos centrarnos en sacar adelante nuevos títulos. En nuestra decisión pesa también el hecho de que, en cierto modo, parte de la gracia del primer número fue precisamente su condición de edición limitada.

A cambio hemos decidido que vamos a recuperar algunos de sus contenidos aquí mismo, en nuestro blog, empezando por el que os ofrecemos hoy: Los límites del humor, la historieta que John Tones y Guitián prepararon para ¡Caramba! #1. Una reflexión en viñetas acerca de coartadas morales, de por qué unos chistes son tolerables y otros no, y qué puede llegar a suceder cuando un chiste no se entiende. ¡Pasen y lean!

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Testigos que solo «vieron» los sucesos en sus mentes

Haga click en Fullscreen para ver la nota en mayor tamaño.